Method

Case study: 472 state agency PDFs, under three hours for Proof, 15 minutes of review each

A one-website library the size many counties and small agencies have, and heavy on images: where the review hours go once Proof has drafted 5,118 alt texts. The agency is not a customer and did not take part.

Case study: 472 state agency PDFs, under three hours for Proof, 15 minutes of review each
The short answerIn under three hours, with no one touching a file, Ockem Proof made 81 of the library's 83 unreadable PDFs readable, fixed 1,561 of its 2,340 failed accessibility checks (67%) and certified 13 documents outright. What was left was a review queue, approximately 91 hours: about 15 minutes for each document that ends up certified. Working it certifies approximately 364 of the 472 documents (77%) to WCAG 2.1 AA, from a starting point of zero.
472PDFs on one website
8,340 pages in all
1,561failed checks fixed in under three hours
67% of the library’s 2,340
91hours of review, approximately
about 15 minutes for each document that ends up certified
364documents certified, approximately
77% of the library, up from zero
The study in four numbers. The machine work took under three hours; the review hours and the certified count are approximate, estimated from timed review work in Proof.

Picture the ADA coordinator at a state agency with one public website and a library the size many counties and small agencies have. The Title II compliance date of April 26, 2027 is on the calendar (as of October 2026), and nobody knows how many PDFs the site carries or what shape they are in.

How big was the library?

Proof crawled the website and found 486 PDFs. 472 of them, 8,340 pages in all, became the library: newsletters and flyers, rule-hearing notices, provider guidance, grant and procurement documents, reports and plans. The typical document is 4 pages; 9 run past 100.

What shape was it in?

Not one of the 472 documents met WCAG 2.1 AA. Between them they failed 2,340 accessibility checks, and 83 could not be read by any checker at all: 65 had never been tagged and 18 were scans with no text layer. The first analysis of the whole library took 43 minutes.

Proof’s corpus assessment: 17% compliant, 12 documents, 15 open violations, 7 failed, 3 needing review, with a progress bar by status.
Proof’s corpus assessment, shown here on a sample library from the lessons, not the agency’s: the compliance posture, open violations and progress by status the coordinator saw for all 472 documents.

What did Proof do in under three hours?

The coordinator chose the whole library, kept the recommended settings, and pressed one button: "Remediate 472 documents". Machine fixes apply on their own, anything an AI writes waits for a person, and documents Proof finishes completely are certified under the agency's standing instruction. Two hours and 49 minutes later, Proof had:

  • made 81 of the 83 unreadable documents readable, tagging 63 and adding a text layer to 18;
  • fixed 1,561 of the library's 2,340 failed checks (67%);
  • certified 13 documents outright, each with a public verification page that says no person approved it;
  • drafted 5,118 image descriptions across 341 documents, for a person to accept or edit.

No one touched a file. Five minutes after the click, 9 certificates had already been issued while the rest of the library was still running.

The library of 472 PDFs, as one bar per stage: before, under three hours later, after review3 bars, each the whole library of 472 PDFs drawn to scale; grey marks documents not yet compliant. Before, as Proof first found it: None meet WCAG 2.1 AA; 83 cannot be read by any checker. Under three hours later, after one run (1,561 of 2,340 failed checks fixed (67%)): 13 certified outright; 81 of the 83 made readable. After review, approximate (Approximately 91 hours of review): 364 certified to WCAG 2.1 AA (77%); 108 need a repair or a source file.One library, 472 PDFsnot yet compliantBeforeas Proof first found itNone meet WCAG 2.1 AA83 cannot be read by any checkerUnder three hours laterafter one run1,561 of 2,340 failed checks fixed (67%)13 certified outright81 of the 83 made readableAfter reviewapproximateApproximately 91 hours of review364 certified to WCAG 2.1 AA (77%)108 need a repair or a source file
The library of 472 PDFs, as one bar per stage: before, under three hours later, after review3 bars, each the whole library of 472 PDFs drawn to scale; grey marks documents not yet compliant. Before, as Proof first found it: None meet WCAG 2.1 AA; 83 cannot be read by any checker. Under three hours later, after one run (1,561 of 2,340 failed checks fixed (67%)): 13 certified outright; 81 of the 83 made readable. After review, approximate (Approximately 91 hours of review): 364 certified to WCAG 2.1 AA (77%); 108 need a repair or a source file.One library, 472 PDFsnot yet compliantBeforeas Proof first found itNone meet WCAG 2.1 AA83 cannot be read by any checkerUnder three hours laterafter one run1,561 of 2,340 failed checks fixed (67%)13 certified outright81 of the 83 made readableAfter reviewapproximateApproximately 91 hours of review364 certified to WCAG 2.1 AA (77%)108 need a repair or a source file
Each bar is the agency’s whole library of 472 PDFs, drawn to scale. The last bar is approximate: it assumes each review lane is worked, and a document whose review turns up a real problem goes to repair instead.

What was left for a person to do?

When the run finished, the coordinator was not facing 472 files to rebuild. They had a review queue, sorted by the decisions only a person can make, with the work already drafted:

LaneWhat the person doesApproximate review time
Alt textRead 5,118 drafted image descriptions; accept, edit or mark decorative40 hours
Reading orderConfirm the reading order on 326 documents28 hours
Colour and contrastConfirm colour use and non-text contrast; accept drafted recolours4 hours
Everything else a person must judgeHeadings, language of parts, images of text, link purpose, then opening and approving each document19 hours
Total91 hours

That is about 15 minutes for each document that ends up certified, or under two and a half weeks for a single reviewer. This library is heavy on images: the 341 documents with pictures carry a median of 6 that each need a description, which is where most of the time goes. We estimated these times from 5,236 timed review actions by remediators and public-agency staff working in Proof on 635 public-sector documents, applied to this library's own queue.

Proof’s alt-text drafts for a newsletter: each picture beside its AI-drafted description, with the choices Describe it, It’s text, or Skip it.
The alt-text lane, on a sample newsletter from the lessons: each picture beside its drafted description, and the three choices a person makes. This library had 5,118 of these.

How many documents end up certified?

Working that queue certifies 364 of the 472 documents (77%) to WCAG 2.1 AA, from a starting point of zero. Where a review turns up a real problem, that document goes to repair instead of sign-off.

The other 108 need a repair before they can certify: most often a list to tag (62 documents), or a rebuild from the source file. Proof names each of those documents and the repair it needs. Your team makes those repairs in Proof, or Ockem's experts take them on Assured, quoted per document, with the same certificate at the end.

What would this library cost?

Ockem charges one flat price per document, charged only when the document certifies. At the pack rates for a library this size, $15 to $22 per document, the 364 documents that certify come to roughly $5,500 to $8,000. A file over 50 pages counts as one document per 50 pages, and 9 files here run past 100, so the true figure is somewhat higher; the pricing page's estimator does the sum for your own count. Most documents need one manual check from your team, two at the 90th percentile; in this library that review is the 91 hours above.

A remediation service that rebuilds files one at a time is commonly quoted at $3–10+ per page: $25,000 to $83,000 for the same 8,340 pages, with the review done for you. A checker costs little and fixes nothing.

How does this compare with a checker or a service?

A checker reports on every file and stops. A remediation service rebuilds files one at a time and takes weeks. Proof did the rebuilding across the whole library in under three hours, and what it handed a person was a short, specific decision on each document.

Same 472 files, three ways3 lanes. A checker, reports, then stops: a report sheet fills with failure marks; A report on all 472 files, and it stops there. A remediation service, one file at a time: pages move from a pile to a finished pile one by one; Rebuilds files one at a time, commonly $3–10+ per page: $25,000–$83,000 for 8,340 pages. Ockem Proof, the whole library at once: under a moon, the whole stack of pages is worked at once and turns teal, then small decision buttons appear beside it; The whole library in under three hours, then a short, specific decision on each document.Same 472 files, three waysA checkerReports, then stopsA report on all 472 files,and it stops thereA remediation serviceOne file at a timeRebuilds files one at a time,commonly $3–10+ per page:$25,000–$83,000 for 8,340pagesOckem ProofThe whole library at onceThe whole library in underthree hours, then a short,specific decision on eachdocument
Same 472 files, three ways3 lanes. A checker, reports, then stops: a report sheet fills with failure marks; A report on all 472 files, and it stops there. A remediation service, one file at a time: pages move from a pile to a finished pile one by one; Rebuilds files one at a time, commonly $3–10+ per page: $25,000–$83,000 for 8,340 pages. Ockem Proof, the whole library at once: under a moon, the whole stack of pages is worked at once and turns teal, then small decision buttons appear beside it; The whole library in under three hours, then a short, specific decision on each document.Same 472 files, three waysA checkerReports, then stopsA report on all 472 files,and it stops thereA remediation serviceOne file at a timeRebuilds files one at a time,commonly $3–10+ per page:$25,000–$83,000 for 8,340pagesOckem ProofThe whole library at onceThe whole library in underthree hours, then a short,specific decision on eachdocument
Three ways to handle the same 8,340 pages. The service figures use the per-page rates remediation services are commonly quoted; Ockem charges one flat amount per document, only when the document certifies.

What does the certificate say?

Each one names what the machine checked, what a person attested and what was not tested, and links to a public page anyone can use to verify it. A certificate Proof issues on its own says exactly that: no person approved it. What the certificate claims, and what it does not.

How we did this study

We pointed Proof's crawler at the agency's public website, imported every linked PDF, and ran one remediation with the recommended settings. The agency did not take part and we do not name it. The counts of documents, pages, checks and fixes are Proof's own measurements of the run. The review hours and the certified count after review are estimates, from timed review work in Proof on other public-sector documents, applied to this library's queue. Prices are Ockem's list prices as of October 2026; the per-page range comes from vendor quotes we reviewed in August 2026. This study was written by Ockem, which makes Proof.

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Questions

Is this agency an Ockem customer?

No. We ran Ockem Proof on the PDFs the agency had posted on its public website, without its participation, and we do not name it. Library studies hold this place until a customer agrees to be named.

Why did Proof certify only 13 documents without a person?

Proof certifies a document on its own only when every check passes by machine and nothing is left for a person to judge. A document with an image to describe, a reading order to confirm or a colour decision waits for a person. Those 13 certificates say exactly that: no person approved them.

How were the 91 review hours estimated?

From 5,236 timed review actions by remediators and public-agency staff working in Proof on 635 public-sector documents, applied to this library's own queue: 5,118 drafted image descriptions, 326 reading-order confirmations and the rest. They are estimates, not a timed review of this library.

Would my library look like this one?

Not necessarily. This library is heavy on images, so alt text is most of the review. Our other study, a 2,588-document library across 14 websites, had 63% of its documents unreadable by any checker. A free count of your own site shows which kind you have.

Can Ockem run this on my library?

Yes. Point us at a domain and we count every linked PDF, assess a sample and price the whole library, free, usually within three business days. Or try one PDF free, with no account.

This study reports Ockem’s own measurements and estimates. It isn’t legal advice.

Ockem team

We build Ockem Proof, which finds, fixes and certifies PDFs against WCAG 2.1 AA. We check every figure in our guides against our measured product data and the primary sources listed below.

Sources

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